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Comparison of the basicity of tertiary amines and secondary amines and primary amines
Time：
Jun 20,2024
Among aliphatic amines, secondary amines are the most basic, followed by primary amines and tertiary amines.
This law reflects the strength of the basicity of amines, in which the difficulty of combining the last shared electron pair and the proton on the nitrogen atom is the determining factor. The ability of the nitrogen atom to accept protons is related to the size of the electron cloud density on the nitrogen atom and the spatial obstruction of the groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Among aliphatic amines, secondary amines are the most basic because they have less spatial site resistance and the proper electron cloud density. Primary amines are the next most basic because of the relatively small number of hydrocarbon groups attached to their nitrogen atoms and the relatively small spatial site resistance, but there is still some spatial hindrance. Tertiary amines, on the other hand, have three hydrocarbon groups attached to their nitrogen atoms, resulting in a larger spatial site resistance, which makes them the least basic. In addition, although all aliphatic amines are more basic than ammonia, tertiary amines are still the least basic, which further confirms the effect of spatial site resistance on the basicity of amines.
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Jul 28,2022
Xin Guang Chemistry
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